The Broca formula was developed in 1871 by Pierre Paul Broca (a French Army Doctor) to help establish ideal body weight or normal body weight. Initially, the Broca Index (BI) was used to work out the normal weight but was later expanded to ideal Body Weight. Ideal Body weight (kg) = . The common methods used to explore the levels of adiposity…[Read more]

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are potent neurotoxins produced by bacteria, which inhibit neurotransmitter release, specifically in their physiological target known as motor neurons (MNs). For the potency assessment of BoNTs produced for treatment in traditional and aesthetic medicine, the mouse lethality assay is still used by the majority of…[Read more]