The cognitive processing of spatial relations in Euclidean diagrams is central to the diagram-based geometric practice of Euclid’s Elements. In this study, we investigate this processing through two dichotomies among spatial relations-metric vs topological and exact vs co-exact-introduced by Manders in his seminal epistemological analysis of…[Read more]

Increased chloride in the context of intravenous fluid chloride load and serum chloride levels (hyperchloremia) have previously been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in select subpopulations of intensive care unit (ICU) patients (e.g patients with sepsis). Here, we study the general ICU population of the Medical Information Mart…[Read more]